Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40012567›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2025

Glymphatic system: a self-purification circulation in brain.

Siying Chen, Huijing Wang, Lini Zhang, Yingying Xi, Yiying Lu, Kailin Yu, Yujie Zhu, Izmailova Regina, Yong Bi, Fang Tong

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. The glymphatic system and Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Review
  4. Regional astrocyte dysregulation and altered glymphatic-related markers in Alzheimer's disease frontal cortex.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  5. A review of animal models of vascular dementia.Molecular biology reports · 2026
    Review
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  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
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  14. Article
  15. Review
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  18. International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Siying ChenSchool of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Huijing WangInstitute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, School of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Lini ZhangInstitute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, School of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Yingying XiInstitute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, School of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Yiying LuInstitute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, School of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Kailin YuInstitute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, School of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Yujie ZhuInstitute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, School of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Izmailova ReginaInstitute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, School of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Yong BiDepartment of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Fang TongInstitute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, School of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The glymphatic system theory introduces a new perspective on fluid flow and homeostasis in the brain. Here, cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid (CSF-ISF) moves from the perivascular spaces (PVS) of arteries to those of veins for drainage. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays a crucial role in driving fluid within the PVS. The impairment to AQP4 is closely linked to the dysfunction of the glymphatic system. The function of the glymphatic system is less active during waking but enhanced during sleep. The efficiency of the glymphatic system decreases with aging. Damage to the glymphatic system will give rise to the development and progression of many brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and vascular dementia (VaD). Here, we reviewed previous research associated with the glymphatic system, including its concepts, principles, and influencing factors. We hypothesize that AQP4 could be a target for the prevention and treatment of certain brain diseases through the regulation on the glymphatic system.

Indexed as

AQP4astrocytebrain diseasecerebral spinal fluidglymphatic system

Identifiers

PMID40012567
PMCPMC11861344

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.