ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2025
Therapeutic effects of chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/collagen hydrogel combined with MSCs on chronic achilles tendon injury via the Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomimetic Constructs for Achilles Tendon Regeneration and their Translation to Human Medicine.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Review
- Recent advances in immunoregulatory biomaterials for tendon healing: From immune remodeling to functional regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Article
- Bionic Bovine Achilles Tendon Collagen Composite Membrane Loaded with Anti-Inflammatory Kukoamine B Promotes Skin Wound Healing.Polymers · 2025Article
- Application and progress of temperature-sensitive hydrogels in cartilage injury repair.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Fabrication of collagen-based biomaterials for sports medicine application.Regenerative biomaterials · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundChronic Achilles tendon injuries, commonly resulting from inadequate management of acute incidents, significantly reduce patients' quality of life. Current treatments, including conservative, surgical, and regenerative approaches, often yield suboptimal results. This study investigated the therapeutic effectiveness of a chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/collagen (C/GP/Co) hydrogel combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for chronic Achilles tendon injury in a rat model. MATERIAL &
methodsA temperature-sensitive injectable C/GP/Co hydrogel was synthesized and combined with MSCs to treat a chronic Achilles tendon injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into four groups receiving saline (model), C/GP/Co hydrogel, C/GP/Co/MSCs hydrogel, or normal control. After 6 weeks, morphological, biomechanical, and molecular assessments were conducted, including histology, Western blot analysis for protein expression, and the evaluation of the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
resultsThe C/GP/Co/MSCs hydrogel significantly enhanced tendon healing compared to the model and C/GP/Co groups, as evidenced by improved collagen fiber organization and an increased type I/III collagen ratio on histological analysis. Western blot results revealed activation of the Akt/GSK-3β pathway by the C/GP/Co/MSCs hydrogel, leading to enhanced tendon cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis, demonstrated by a decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 expression. Downregulation of inflammation markers CD206 and CD163 was significant. Biomechanical testing indicated that the C/GP/Co/MSCs hydrogel restored tendon tensile strength closer to normal levels.
conclusionsThe C/GP/Co/MSCs hydrogel establishes a supportive microenvironment for MSC function, aiding tendon healing through the Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Its dual role in inflammation and apoptosis reduction, while enhancing biomechanical properties, demonstrates its potential as an innovative treatment for persistent Achilles tendon ailments. Future research endeavors should comprehensively explore the molecular pathways and assess their clinical applicability.
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