Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40011644›Full record

ReviewCommunications psychology2025

Intersect between brain mechanisms of conditioned threat, active avoidance, and reward.

Muhammad Badarnee, Zhenfu Wen, Mira Z Hammoud, Paul Glimcher, Christopher K Cain, Mohammed R Milad

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Communications psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Muhammad BadarneeDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
Zhenfu WenDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
Mira Z HammoudDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
Paul GlimcherDepartment of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Christopher K CainDepartment of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Mohammed R MiladDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA. mohammed.r.milad@uth.tmc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8620-5132

Funding

Identifying neural mechanisms of PTSD symptom reduction induced by combined estrogen and prolonged exposure therapyR33MH111907 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI MILAD, MOHAMMED R · 2019 to 2021
$4.4M
Neuromodulation of the fear extinction circuit using temporally and anatomically specific TMS in humansR01MH125198 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI MILAD, MOHAMMED R · 2021 to 2025
$3.8M
Neural correlates of active avoidance learning and their interactions with fear extinction mechanisms in PTSD patientsR01MH123736 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI MILAD, MOHAMMED R · 2021 to 2025
$3.4M
The Influence of Estrogen on the Fear Extinction Network in HumansR01MH097880 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MILAD, MOHAMMED R · 2012 to 2016
$2.9M
Neural Mechanisms of Fear Extinction Across Anxiety DisordersR01MH097964 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MILAD, MOHAMMED R · 2012 to 2016
$2.9M
Brain Circuits of Outcome-dependent vs. Habitual AvoidanceR01MH114931 · NIMH · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI CAIN, CHRISTOPHER KENNETH · 2017 to 2021
$1.9M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH097880NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH097964NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH114931NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123736NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH125198NIMH NIH HHS R33 MH111907U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01MH097880U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01MH097964U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01MH114931U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01MH123736U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01MH125198U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R33MH111907
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Active avoidance is a core behavior for human coping, and its excess is common across psychiatric diseases. The decision to actively avoid a threat is influenced by cost and reward. Yet, threat, avoidance, and reward have been studied in silos. We discuss behavioral and brain circuits of active avoidance and the interactions with fear and threat. In addition, we present a neural toggle switch model enabling fear-to-anxiety transition and approaching reward vs. avoiding harm decision. To fully comprehend how threat, active avoidance, and reward intersect, it is paramount to develop one shared experimental approach across phenomena and behaviors, which will ultimately allow us to better understand human behavior and pathology.

Identifiers

PMID40011644
PMCPMC11864974

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.