ArticleNature nanotechnology2025
A bioinspired polymeric membrane-enclosed insulin crystal achieves long-term, self-regulated drug release for type 1 diabetes therapy.
Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Applications of synthetic biology in biomedicine.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Adaptive Coacervate Microreactors with Broad pH/Thermal Tolerance for Reaction Acceleration.JACS Au · 2026Article
- Electrically Modulated Semi-Convertible Hydrogel Microneedles for Programmable Insulin Delivery.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Biomimetic materials for medical applications.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Review
- Recent Progress and Morphological Distribution of Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials and Their Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Wearable, Dual Closed-loop Insulin Delivery System for Precision Diabetes Management.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Materials and System Design for Self-Decision Bioelectronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- [Advances in injectable and transdermal glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Material-driven glucose responsiveness in insulin delivery systems: carrier selection and performance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Advances in the application of nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The nuclear envelope serves as a highly regulated gateway for macromolecule exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotes. Here we have developed a cell nucleus-mimicking polymeric membrane-enclosed system for long and self-regulated therapy. A polymeric nano-membrane with nanopores is conformally synthesized in situ on the surface of each insulin crystal, ensuring sustained, adjustable and zero-order drug release kinetics. Glucose- and β-hydroxybutyrate-dually sensitive microdomains are integrated into the nano-membranes. Under a normal state, the microdomains are uncharged and the channel is narrow enough to block insulin outflow. Under hyperglycaemia and ketonaemia, microdomains convert the high glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate concentration signals to the negative electric potential of membranes, widening the nanopores with rapid insulin outflow. In type 1 diabetic mice and minipigs, this system can maintain normoglycaemia for longer than 1 month and 3 weeks, respectively, with validated glucose- and β-hydroxybutyrate-triggered insulin release. Such membrane-enclosed drug crystal/powder formulation provides a broad platform for long-acting controlled release.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40011600What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.