Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40011511›Full record

ArticleScientific data2025

Constructing a global human epidemic database using open-source digital biosurveillance.

Rinette Badker, Naama Kipperman, Benjamin Ash, Nita K Madhav, Ben Oppenheim, Patrick Savage, Nicole Stephenson, Chris Pardee

Abstract readDataset
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rinette BadkerGinkgo Bioworks Inc., Boston, USA. rbadker@ginkgobioworks.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-9685
Naama KippermanGinkgo Bioworks Inc., Boston, USA.
Benjamin AshGinkgo Bioworks Inc., Boston, USA.
Nita K MadhavGinkgo Bioworks Inc., Boston, USA.
Ben OppenheimGinkgo Bioworks Inc., Boston, USA.
Patrick SavageGinkgo Bioworks Inc., Boston, USA.
Nicole StephensonGinkgo Bioworks Inc., Boston, USA.
Chris PardeeGinkgo Bioworks Inc., Boston, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We developed a dataset consisting of outbreak data collected from official, open-source surveillance reports representing more than 170 pathogens, 237 countries and territories, and more than 3300 events that occurred primarily between 1963 and 2023. Here we present and analyze a subset of these data, comprising a dataset of human epidemic events with onset between 2015 and 2020. Structuring of epidemiological data in the dataset follows a specific methodology to ensure consistency across all events. This methodology has been designed to produce the most reliable spatiotemporal view of an outbreak as possible. To ensure data are true-to-source, the structured data undergoes multiple rounds of both manual and automated review and validation. The extensive and standardized nature of the dataset makes it well-suited for both descriptive epidemiology and exploring outbreak dynamics and disease emergence.

Indexed as

BiosurveillanceDatabases, FactualEpidemicsDisease OutbreaksGlobal HealthHumans

Identifiers

PMID40011511
PMCPMC11865598

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.