ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2025
Optimizing instilled drug delivery: a scoping review of microdrops in ophthalmology.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06885242 (Efficacy and Safety of Cyclopentolate Microdrops for Cycloplegic Refraction in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of Cyclopentolate Microdrops for Cycloplegic Refraction in Children: a Non-inferiority Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Eyedrop instillation constitutes the most commonly used ocular drug delivery method that serves for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Ocular disposition and bioavailability of instilled drugs depend on the anatomy and physiology of the ocular surface as well as the physicochemical properties of the active agent. Intraocular bioavailability is positively associated with the amount of drug available onto the ocular surface and the precorneal residence time. Concerns are raised regarding systemic absorption of the instilled drugs intraocularly, percutaneously, via the conjunctiva, through the nasolacrimal system, or through the nasal, oral, and gastrointestinal mucosa. Special considerations exist regarding the anatomical features and the limited pharmacokinetic data on the pediatric population that complicate further the efficacy and systemic toxicity of the instilled medications. Both preclinical and clinical studies propose the reduction of the instilled drop volume, in the form of microdrops, as a means to enhance intraocular bioavailability of topically applied drugs, while minimizing patient discomfort and systemic adverse events. We summarize existing data on the clinical application of microdrops in a wide age range, from preterm infants to elderly adults. Studies regarding microdrops of mydriatics and ocular hypotensives show promising results in optimizing the provided everyday care.
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Registered trials
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