ReviewPsycho-oncology2025
Patient and Caregiver Education to Support Self-Efficacy and Self-Management During Immunotherapy-An Integrative Review.
Review in Psycho-oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Experience and Needs of Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer Patients: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.Psycho-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Visual-Based Interventions on Understanding Cancer Information: A Systematic Review.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterPooled it
- Review
- Equity in Neurotoxicity Care in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy.Seminars in neurology · 2026Article
- Review
- Understanding family perspectives: knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pediatric lymphoma in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved cancer treatment, but this treatment can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Effective patient and caregiver education is essential to better management of irAEs and improved treatment outcomes.
objectiveThis integrative review aimed to elucidate how patient education on ICI efficacy and toxicity management affects patients with cancer and their family caregivers' self-efficacy and self-management when dealing with irAEs.
methodsAn integrative review was conducted. EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for original research articles. Studies on educational interventions related to ICI and how it affects self-efficacy and self-management of irAEs were included. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
resultsOf 4182 references screened; seven studies were included. Three themes emerged: (a) Feasibility of various strategies in patient education, (b) The effect of patient education on self-efficacy, and (c) Determinants to improve self-management of irAEs.
conclusionWhile traditional patient education methods (oral and/or written information) remain valuable, integrating digital technologies is promising to enhance understanding of ICI. Patient education, especially when combined with follow-up, can improve health-related quality of life and self-efficacy. However, health literacy plays a critical role in treatment and management of irAEs, emphasizing the need for personalized education approaches.
trial registrationThe protocol is registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42024511513).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.