ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2025
Unidirectional airflow, air sacs or the horizontal septum: what does it take to make a bird lung?
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Syrinx anatomy and vocalizations in New World vultures (Aves: Cathartidae): Implications for avian vocal evolution.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Computed tomography reveals multiple origins of extreme caudal vertebral pneumaticity in sauropod dinosaurs.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Origins of Avian Hyperactive Mitochondria, Genome Compaction, and Air-Sac Physiology in Early Theropods During the Carnian Pluvial Episode.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Review
- The living dinosaur: accomplishments and challenges of reconstructing dinosaur physiology.Biology letters · 2025Review
- Biology of the avian respiratory system: development, evolutionary morphology, function and clinical considerations.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- When the lung invades: a review of avian postcranial skeletal pneumaticity.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Refinement of Poultry Standing in Japan Based on Recent Anthropo-ornithological Perspectives.The journal of poultry science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this review, we evaluate the differences between the pulmonary anatomy of birds and other sauropsids, specifically those traits that make the avian respiratory system distinct: a fully decoupled and immobilized, isovolumetric gas-exchanging lung separated from compliant ventilatory air sacs by a horizontal septum. Imaging data, three-dimensional digital anatomical models and dissection images from a red-tailed hawk (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.