ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2025
A synchrotron X-ray CT-based 3D atlas of the songbird syrinx with single muscle fibre resolution implies fine motor control of syringeal vocal folds.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Respiratory contributions to birdsong-evolutionary considerations and open questions.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Biology of the avian respiratory system: development, evolutionary morphology, function and clinical considerations.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- A synchrotron X-ray CT-based 3D atlas of the songbird syrinx with single muscle fibre resolution implies fine motor control of syringeal vocal folds.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Avian vocalizations are produced by precisely coordinated motion of the respiratory, syringeal and upper vocal tract systems. Syringeal muscles are controlled with unprecedented resolution, down to independent control of individual muscle fibres. However, we currently lack an anatomical description of syrinx muscles at single fibre resolution. Here, we combined a micron-resolution synchrotron X-ray CT scan of the zebra finch syrinx with micro-dissections of independent specimens to resolve syrinx muscle morphology at individual muscle fibre level. We define two new, previously unknown muscles and update the fibre trajectories and attachment sites of three previously described muscles. Our new insights into the fine anatomy of syrinx muscles show that not one, but both avian vocal folds can be directly controlled by contracting syrinx muscles. Thus, our data reveal novel anatomical complexity with consequences for the biomechanics and motor control of sound production.This article is part of the theme issue 'The biology of the avian respiratory system'.
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