ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2025
Avian air sacs and neopulmo: their evolution, form and function.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Syrinx anatomy and vocalizations in New World vultures (Aves: Cathartidae): Implications for avian vocal evolution.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Biology of the avian respiratory system: development, evolutionary morphology, function and clinical considerations.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The avian respiratory system is composed of an exchange structure (parabronchi) and a pump (air sacs) to perform gas exchange. While there are many studies dealing with the morphology and function of the palaeopulmonic parabronchi, the air sacs and the neopulmo have been somewhat neglected from a comparative and functional point of view, not always receiving a closer examination that they deserve. While a decent amount of data are available regarding air sac and neopulmo morphology on a family level or for domestic species, several orders of birds have yet to be investigated. Owing to the lack of detailed specific data, we did not perform a comparative phylogenetic analysis but compiled data regarding air sac and neopulmo morphology and analysed them from the viewpoint of current phylogenetic relations while also discussing aspects of these structures regarding avian physiology.This article is part of the theme issue 'The biology of the avian respiratory system'.
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Registered trials
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