ArticleCellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)2025
Thymidine kinase 1 indicates resistance to immune checkpoint plus tyrosine kinase inhibition in renal cell carcinoma.
Article in Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- TK1 in gastric cancer: Helicobacter pylori-driven oncogenesis biomarker, utility, and emerging targeted therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies PTGR2 as a potential therapeutic target for sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeImmune checkpoint plus tyrosine kinase inhibition (IO + TKI) has emerged as the first-line therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but no biomarker can predict its efficacy. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is closely associated with immune evasion in tumors.
methodsMetastatic RCC patients treated by IO + TKI were enrolled from two cohorts (ZS-MRCC, n = 45; Javelin-101, n = 726). High-risk localized RCC were also enrolled (ZS-HRRCC, n = 40). TK1 was assessed by RNA-sequencing in all cohorts, and the immune contexture was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.
resultsHigher TK1 expression was found in patients resistant to IO + TKI therapy (p = 0.025). High-TK1 group showed poor progression-free survival (PFS) in both the ZS-MRCC cohort (P = 0.008) and the Javelin-101 cohort (P = 0.036). By multivariate Cox regression, high-TK1 was determined as an independent factor for poor PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.855, P = 0.002). High-TK1 expression was associated with decreased granzyme B
conclusionHigh-TK1 expression could be a potential indicator for therapeutic resistance, poor PFS and immune evasion in metastatic RCC under IO + TKI therapy. The novel RF risk score may help stratify patients for IO + TKI therapy.
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