ArticleInternational journal of colorectal disease2025
Retrospective analysis on the efficacy of botulinum toxin alone versus combined botulinum toxin and topical diltiazem.
Article in International journal of colorectal disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aims to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of botulinum toxin (BT) alone versus BT combined with topical diltiazem (TD) in the treatment of chronic anal fissures (CAF).
designThe study is designed as a retrospective analysis, reviewing data from 1296 patients diagnosed with anal fissures who presented to our clinic between 2017 and 2022.
settingSingle center (University hospital). PATIENTS: A total of 217 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, with 143 receiving BT alone and 74 receiving the combination of BT + TD.
interventionsBT was administered as 100 IU injected into four quadrants. TD was applied twice daily for 10 days immediately following the BT injection.
main outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were fissure healing at 2 months and days to pain-free defecation. Secondary outcome measures were complete healing and recurrence rates at 24 months.
resultsThere were no significant differences in demographic characteristics and symptom duration between the BT and BT + TD groups. The median time to pain-free defecation was 7 days across the entire series, with no statistical difference between groups. At 2 months, complete healing was observed in 74.4% of patients, with no significant difference between groups: 74.8% for BT and 74.3% for BT + TD. During a median follow-up of 53 (22-101) months, a recurrence rate of 26.3% was observed, and TD showed no effect on complete healing and recurrence rates. LIMITATIONS: The most significant limitation of our study is its retrospective design and the absence of a placebo control for TD.
conclusionThe study demonstrates that BT is an effective and safe treatment for CAF, with or without the addition of TD. The combination therapy did not show superior outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.