Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40008540›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2025

The Complexly Parcellated, Yet Quantitatively Reduced, Orexinergic/Hypocretinergic System of Humans.

Illke B Malungo, Ayanda Ngwenya, Mads F Bertelsen, Muhammad A Spocter, Thomas C Thannickal, Jerome M Siegel, Paul R Manger

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Illke B MalungoSchool of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-0939
Ayanda NgwenyaSchool of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8524-9793
Mads F BertelsenCentre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-7499
Muhammad A SpocterSchool of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-7444
Thomas C ThannickalDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-9545
Jerome M SiegelDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-0111
Paul R MangerSchool of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-2854

Funding

Maintaining opioid analgesia and preventing addiction with hypocretin antagonismR01DA058639 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI JEROME M SIEGEL · 2023 to 2026
$2.2M
Carnegie Corporation of New YorkMedical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs R01-DA058639NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA058639South African National Research Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The phylogenetic contextualization of human neuroanatomy is crucial for understanding the positive, neutral, and/or negative effects of therapeutic interventions derived from animal models. Here we determined the parcellation of, and quantified, orexinergic (or hypocretinergic) neurons in the hypothalami of humans and several species of primates, including strepsirrhines (two species), platyrrhines (two species), cercopithecoids (three species), and hominoids (three species, including humans). The strepsirrhines, platyrrhines, and cercopithecoids presented with three distinct clusters of orexinergic neurons, revealing an organization like that observed in most mammals. In the three hominoids, an additional orexinergic cluster was found in the tuberal region of the hypothalamus, termed the optic tract cluster extension. In humans only, an additional parvocellular cluster of orexinergic neurons was observed in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. The human presented with the most complex parcellation of orexinergic neurons of the primates studied. Total numbers of orexinergic neurons in nonhuman primates were strongly correlated to brain mass (P

Indexed as

HypothalamusNeuronsOrexinsAdultAnimalsFemaleHumansMalePrimatesSpecies SpecificityOrexinshypocretinimmunohistochemistrymonkeyorexinprimatesRRID:AB_91545stereology

Identifiers

PMID40008540
PMCPMC11863299

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.