ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between serum cotinine levels and cognitive function in Americans aged 60 and older: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Vitamin deficiencies and Alzheimer's disease: evidence and implications for supplementation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Objectives: To investigate whether exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) aggravates the detrimental effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on cognitive performance in the elderly. Methods: Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2014, 1,446 non-smoking participants (≥ 60 years old) with detailed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], concentration of cotinine and tests score of cognitive function were included. Cognitive impairment was defined as having a cognitive score in the lowest quartile. The possible synergistic effect of SHS with VDD on cognitive impairment was evaluated by using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: VDD was independently associated with risk of low the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) scores, increased by nearly 60% [< 34, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03 ~ 2.53]. Although it only had an association with cognitive impairment indicated by DSST and the Animal Fluency test (AFT) in the crude model, SHS exposure showed significant synergistic effects with VDD on DSST (aOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.57 ~ 5.83, P Conclusion: SHS exposure had synergistic effect with VDD on cognitive impairment among elderly and the interaction effect was more obvious in overweight and obese individuals.
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