ArticleFrontiers in neurology2024
Investigation of the association between circulating inflammatory proteins and encephalitis risk in Europeans by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unveiling the Clinical Impact of Lower Limb Robotic Devices in Neurorehabilitation: An Umbrella Review.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Exploring human GABA transporter 3 binders for epilepsy through quantum reactivity analysis, molecular dynamics, machine learning prediction, and network pharmacology.Journal of molecular modeling · 2026Article
- Monitoring anti-Rituximab antibodies in myasthenia gravis affects the time to event during Rituximab treatment.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Cytokines are powerful immune response factors that operate at inflammation sites and are also found in the blood. Nevertheless, research on encephalitis and these circulating inflammatory proteins is quite limited. Methods: This study investigated the potential causal effects of 91 circulating inflammatory proteins on three different types of encephalitis using a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis. The data source for encephalitis was the latest Finngen_R12 dataset, released in 2024. The study investigated causal effects mainly using Steiger, MR-Egger, weighted median and inverse variance weighting (IVW) methods. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed, including heterogeneity assessment, horizontal pleiotropy and leave-one-out techniques. Results: In this study, 91 circulating inflammatory proteins were subjected to MR analysis of causality with each of the three types of encephalitis. The results suggest that the inflammatory factors with a potential causal relationship with viral encephalitis are artemin, C-C motif chemokine 28, C-X-C motif chemokine 1, interleukin-10 and neurotrophin-3. Inflammatory factors potentially causally associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta and matrix metalloproteinase-1. Inflammatory factors potentially causally associated with autoimmune encephalitis are C-C motif chemokine 28 levels and Macrophage inflammatory protein 1a levels. Conclusion: This study identifies potential causal effects of certain circulating inflammatory factors on susceptibility to three types of encephalitis. Although the exact mechanisms by which inflammatory proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of different encephalitis subtypes remain unclear, our findings provide new perspectives on these potential causal relationships.
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