Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40008210›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in physiology2025

The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review.

Thiago Henrique Teodoro, Katerine Palharini Manfrin Costa, Jonato Prestes, José Campanholi, James Navalta, Guilherme Borges Pereira

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Thiago Henrique Teodoro *Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
Katerine Palharini Manfrin Costa *Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
Jonato PrestesGraduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.
José CampanholiDepartment of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
James NavaltaDepartment of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
Guilherme Borges Pereira *Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cells correlated with increased disease incidence, is well-documented in the older adult. Both acute and chronic exercise induce a transient shift in organic homeostasis, modulating the immune system and impacting the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells. This review investigates the impact of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of Th1 and Th2 cells in the older adults. Methods: This study was conducted as a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched until March 2024, identifying randomized controlled trials and prospective observational studies that examined the effects of acute and chronic exercise on intracellular and surface markers, cytokines, and immunoglobulins in older adults. Studies involving animal subjects, isolated cells, diseased patients, or exposure to medications and drugs were excluded. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB2), with data organized and presented in tables and figures. Results: Fourteen studies with 525 participants were included in the analysis. An acute session significantly increased serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels immediately afterward, returning to baseline within 1 hour at moderate to high intensities. Chronic exercise at moderate to high intensities reduced serum TNF-α, IL-6, and the CD4/CD8 ratio, while increasing IL-10 levels after 24 weeks. Intracellular, other surface markers and cytokines, and immunoglobulins were not analyzed. Conclusion: Chronic exercise decreases serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, lowers the CD4/CD8 ratio, and increases IL-10 after 24 weeks, aiding Th1 and Th2 balance. Acute exercise temporarily increases serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, returning to baseline within an hour, indicating short-term immune modulation of Th1/Th2 balance. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021244426, Identifier CRD42021244426.

Indexed as

acute exercisechronic exerciseexercise immunologyhumansimmune systemimmunosenescenceTh1 cellsTh2 cells

Identifiers

PMID40008210
PMCPMC11850391

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.