Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40007175›Full record

Trial reportPsychophysiology2025

Non-Invasive Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Decreases Heart Rate Variability Independent of Caloric Load.

Kristin Kaduk, Alessandro Petrella, Sophie J Müller, Julian Koenig, Nils B Kroemer

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Psychophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07433218 (The Influence of Electrical Acupoint Stimulation at Different Frequencies on Hemodynamics During Anesthesia Induction), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07433218 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

The Influence of Electrical Acupoint Stimulation at Different Frequencies on Hemodynamics During Anesthesia Induction

TypeinterventionalSponsorZhihong LURan2026 to 2026Enrolled84ConditionsAnesthesia, HypotensionArmselectrical acupoint stimulation, electrodes pasted, high-frequency electrical stimulation, low-frequency electrical stimulation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and exercise-induced autonomic regulation: a systematic review.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kristin KadukDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2322-1204
Alessandro PetrellaDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Sophie J MüllerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Julian KoenigDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1009-9625
Nils B KroemerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9552-3781

Funding

Daimler und Benz Stiftung, Postdoctoral Scholarship 32-04/19Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft KR-4555/10-1Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft KR-4555/7-1Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft KR-4555/9-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The vagus nerve is crucial in regulating physiological functions, including the cardiovascular system. While heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) may provide non-invasive proxies of cardiac vagal activity, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has yielded mixed effects, with limited research on right branch stimulation. In a randomized crossover study with 36 healthy participants, we investigated taVNS effects on HR and HRV indexed by SDRR, RMSSD, HF-HRV, and LF/HF ratio. To assess the impact of the stimulation side (left vs. right ear) on cardiovascular indices and interaction with the physiological state, we recorded electrocardiograms in four sessions per person, covering three session phases: baseline, during stimulation (taVNS vs. sham), and post-milkshake consumption with stimulation. First, we found moderate evidence against taVNS affecting HR (BF

Indexed as

Heart RateTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationVagus Nerve StimulationAdultAutonomic Nervous SystemCross-Over StudiesElectrocardiographyFemaleHumansMaleVagus NerveYoung Adultautonomic nervous systemcardiac vagal activityECGmilkshaketaVNS

Identifiers

PMID40007175
PMCPMC11862327

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.