ArticleZoonoses and public health2025
High Mycobacterium bovis Exposure but Low IGRA Positivity in UK Farm Workers.
Article in Zoonoses and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and risk factors for key infectious diseases amongst migrants to the UK: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in People who Have Contact With Birds.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- How Do We Get the Public Into Public Health Research? Learnings and Key Recommendations From Initiating a Community Involvement Project Scheme.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Review
- Data note on the Avian Contact Study: a questionnaire resource for avian influenza public health planning.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBetween 1999 and 2021, 505 culture-confirmed cases of M. bovis disease in humans (zoonotic tuberculosis, TB) were diagnosed in England. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of M. bovis infection in persons exposed to TB-infected cattle in England and identify any risk factors associated with latent TB infection (LTBI) in this population.
methodsWe co-developed a retrospective cohort study in Southwest England, a bovine TB high risk area, with members of the UK farming community. A questionnaire captured participant characteristics, behaviours and farming practices. Linkage with historical herd testing data was used to categorise participants as low, medium or high risk for TB exposure. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity with Quantiferon was used to determine LTBI status and linked to questionnaire data.
resultsWe recruited 90 participants at agricultural shows and a standalone event. Participants were farmers/farm workers (76/90) and veterinary professionals (10/90). Median age was 45.5 years (IQR: 19-77); 63% were male; 67% reported BCG vaccination. M. bovis exposure was via direct contact with infected cattle and consumption of raw milk. One participant in the high-risk group was IGRA positive, all other participants were IGRA negative. Estimated IGRA positivity rate was 1.1% (95% CI 0.058%-7.0%) in all participants and 4.0% (95% CI 0.21%-22%) in participants with high exposure levels.
conclusionsWe found limited LTBI in individuals in contact with TB-infected cattle in England, despite high and prolonged exposure. We identified a high-risk group of farmers who should be prioritised for future engagement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.