Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40006918›Full record

ReviewViruses2025

A Comprehensive Review of Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C: The Long Journey from Interferon to Pan-Genotypic Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs).

Lorenza Di Marco, Simona Cannova, Emanuele Ferrigno, Giuseppe Landro, Rosario Nonni, Claudia La Mantia, Fabio Cartabellotta, Vincenza Calvaruso, Vito Di Marco

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Sex Disparities in Hepatitis C Treatment Initiation: Role of Universal Access to DAA in France (ANRS FANTASIO 2).Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Bemnifosbuvir: An HCV NS5B Inhibitor With Multiple Modes of Action.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026
    Article
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  10. Article
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  14. Article
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  16. Article
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  18. Review
  19. A Bibliometric Analysis of the HCV Drug-Resistant Majority and Minority Variants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lorenza Di MarcoSIcilian Network for Therapy, Epidemiology and Screening In Hepatology (SINTESI), 90127 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3716-7010
Simona CannovaDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Emanuele FerrignoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Giuseppe LandroDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Rosario NonniDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Claudia La MantiaDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Fabio CartabellottaSIcilian Network for Therapy, Epidemiology and Screening In Hepatology (SINTESI), 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Vincenza CalvarusoSIcilian Network for Therapy, Epidemiology and Screening In Hepatology (SINTESI), 90127 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0287-1059
Vito Di MarcoSIcilian Network for Therapy, Epidemiology and Screening In Hepatology (SINTESI), 90127 Palermo, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The treatment landscape for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has transformed over the past few decades, evolving from the limited efficacy of interferon (IFN) monotherapy to the highly successful pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) used today. Initially, alpha-interferon monotherapy, introduced in the 1990s, was the standard treatment, yet it provided low sustained virological response (SVR) rates and caused significant adverse effects, limiting its utility. The development of pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) improved the pharmacokinetic profile of IFN, allowing for less frequent dosing and modestly improved response rates. When combined with ribavirin, peg-IFN achieved higher SVR rates, especially in non-genotype 1 HCV infections, but the combination also brought additional side effects, such as anemia and depression. The advent of the first-generation DAAs, such as telaprevir and boceprevir, marked a significant milestone. Combined with peg-IFN and ribavirin, these protease inhibitors boosted response rates in patients with genotype 1 HCV. However, high rates of adverse effects and drug resistance remained challenges. Second-generation DAAs, like sofosbuvir and ledipasvir, introduced IFN-free regimens with improved safety profiles and efficacy. The most recent advances are pan-genotypic DAAs, including glecaprevir-pibrentasvir and sofosbuvir-velpatasvir, which offer high SVR rates across all genotypes, shorter treatment durations, and fewer side effects. Current pan-genotypic regimens represent a cornerstone in HCV therapy, providing an accessible and effective solution globally.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsHepacivirusHepatitis CHepatitis C, ChronicInterferonsDrug Therapy, CombinationGenotypeHumansInterferon-alphaProlineRibavirinSustained Virologic ResponseAntiviral AgentsInterferon-alphaInterferonsProlineRibavirindirect-acting antivirals DAAsHCVHCV therapypan-genotypicpeg-IFNsustained virological responseSVR

Identifiers

PMID40006918
PMCPMC11860415

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.