ReviewViruses2025
The Role of Plant Virus-like Particles in Advanced Drug Delivery and Vaccine Development: Structural Attributes and Application Potential.
Review in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tailoring virus-inspired nanoparticles for advanced drug and gene delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Plant-derived nanocarriers & nanostructures for barrier-defined translation: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, targets, and translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Long-acting RNAi therapeutics in hypertension: limitations of single-target AGT silencing and rational multi-target synergistic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cracking the Blood-Brain Barrier Code: Rational Nanomaterial Design for Next-Generation Neurological Therapies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Programmable genome engineering and gene modifications for plant biodesign.Plant communications · 2025Review
- Strategic Advances in Targeted Delivery Carriers for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Overcoming dengue vaccine challenges through next-generation virus-like particle immunization strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Strategies for controlled assembly of rod-shaped viral particles.Biotechnology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plant virus-like particles (pVLPs) present distinct research advantages, including cost-effective production and scalability through plant-based systems, making them a promising yet underutilized alternative to traditional VLPs. Human exposure to plant viruses through diet for millions of years supports their biocompatibility and safety, making them suitable for biomedical applications. This review offers a practical guide to selecting pVLPs based on critical design factors. It begins by examining how pVLP size and shape influence cellular interactions, such as uptake, biodistribution, and clearance, key for effective drug delivery and vaccine development. We also explore how surface charge affects VLP-cell interactions, impacting binding and internalization, and discuss the benefits of surface modifications to enhance targeting and stability. Additional considerations include host range and biosafety, ensuring safe, effective pVLP applications in clinical and environmental contexts. The scalability of pVLP production across different expression systems is also reviewed, noting challenges and opportunities in large-scale manufacturing. Concluding with future perspectives, the review highlights the innovation potential of pVLPs in vaccine development, targeted therapies, and diagnostics, positioning them as valuable tools in biotechnology and medicine. This guide provides a foundation for selecting optimal pVLPs across diverse applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.