Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40006703›Full record

ArticleVaccines2025

Factors Associated with Timely First-Dose Pentavalent and Measles-Rubella Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

Milena Dalton, William Pomat, Margie Danchin, Caroline S E Homer, Benjamin Sanderson, Patrick Kiromat, Leanne J Robinson, Michelle J L Scoullar, Pele Melepia, Moses Laman and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Milena DaltonBurnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8479-1855
William PomatPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka P.O. Box 60, Papua New Guinea.
Margie DanchinFaculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry St, Carlton, VIC 3010, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7624-5691
Caroline S E HomerBurnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
Benjamin SandersonBurnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
Patrick KiromatEast New Britain Provincial Health Authority, Butuwin, Kokopo P.O. Box 714, Papua New Guinea.
Leanne J RobinsonBurnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
Michelle J L ScoullarBurnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1417-1524
Pele MelepiaEast New Britain Provincial Health Authority, Butuwin, Kokopo P.O. Box 714, Papua New Guinea.
Moses LamanPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Boroko, National Capital District 111, Kokopo P.O. Box 60, Papua New Guinea.ORCID 0000-0003-0964-805X
Hannah A JamesBurnet Institute, Section 90, Lot 1 Takubar, Kokopo P.O. Box 1458, Papua New Guinea.
Elsie StanleyEast New Britain Provincial Health Authority, Butuwin, Kokopo P.O. Box 714, Papua New Guinea.
Edward WaraminPapua New Guinea National Department of Health, Aopi Building Centre, Waigani Dr, National Capital District 121, Port Moresby P.O. Box 807, Papua New Guinea.
Stefanie VaccherBurnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5170-4110

Funding

Australian Government N/ABaker Foundation N/ABurnet Institute N/ADrakensberg Trust N/ANational Health and Medical Research Council N/AUniversity of Melbourne Human Rights Scholarship N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImmunization coverage varies across Papua New Guinea. In East New Britain (ENB) Province in 2022, only 65.5% and 50.2% of children under one year received their first dose of pentavalent (DTP1) and measles-rubella (MR1) vaccine, respectively. This study aimed to examine barriers and enablers to routine immunization in areas of un(der)-vaccination in ENB.

methodsA face-to-face survey was conducted with caregivers of children aged 12-23 months in ENB. We used Poisson regression to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for factors associated with timely receipt of DTP1 or MR1 vaccines, defined as a child who was vaccinated between -2 and +30 days of the vaccine schedule. Delayed receipt is defined as a child who was vaccinated >30 days from the recommended due date.

resultsAmong 237 caregivers surveyed, 59.9% of children were vaccinated within the "timely" window for DTP1 and 34.1% for MR1. Timely DTP1 receipt was associated with a facility-based birth (IRR:1.93; 95% CI: 1.10-3.38) and trusting healthcare workers "very much", compared to "a little or moderately" (IRR:1.53; 95% CI: 1.17-1.99). For MR1, the caregiver having completed tertiary/vocational education (IRR:1.79; 95% CI: 1.15-2.78), reporting taking a child to be vaccinated is affordable (IRR:1.52; 95% CI: 1.04-2.22), and healthcare workers explaining immunization services and answering associated questions (IRR:1.68; 95% CI: 1.18-2.41) were associated with timely vaccination.

conclusionsActivities to improve timely vaccination in ENB could include strengthening healthcare worker interpersonal communication skills to optimize trust and incentivizing women to give birth in a health facility.

Indexed as

health system strengtheningPapua New Guinearoutine immunizationtimely vaccinationzero dose

Identifiers

PMID40006703
PMCPMC11860361

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.