Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40006681›Full record

ReviewVaccines2025

Developing T Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines Against Infection: Challenging but Worthwhile.

Xian Tang, Wei Zhang, Zheng Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Immunoproteomics: The Evolution from Classical Methods to Emerging Techniques.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Review
  6. Proteomic Applications in Vaccine Development.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xian TangThe Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0235-995X
Wei ZhangThe Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China.
Zheng ZhangThe Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

T cell epitope-based vaccines are designed to elicit long-lived pathogen-specific memory T cells that can quickly activate protective effector functions in response to subsequent infections. These vaccines have the potential to provide sustained protection against mutated variants, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which are increasingly capable of evading neutralizing antibodies. Recent advancements in epitope discovery, T cell receptor analysis, and bioinformatics have enabled the precise selection of epitopes and the sophisticated design of epitope-based vaccines. This review outlines the development process for T cell epitope-based vaccines. We summarize the current progress in T cell epitope discovery technologies, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We also examine advancements in the design and optimization of epitope-based vaccines, particularly through bioinformatics tools. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of validating the accurate processing and presentation of individual epitopes and establishing suitable rodent models to evaluate vaccine immunogenicity and protective efficacy.

Indexed as

infectionT cell epitopevaccine development

Identifiers

PMID40006681
PMCPMC11861332

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.