ArticleVaccines2025
Zero-Dose Vaccination of Self-Paid Vaccines Among Migrant and Left-Behind Children in China: Evidence from Zhejiang and Henan Provinces.
Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesAs zero-dose vaccination has become a global health concern, understanding the practice of self-paid immunizations in migrant and left-behind children in China is crucial to the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 1648 children and their caregivers in urban areas in Zhejiang Province and rural areas in Henan Province. The participants were then classified into four groups: urban local, migrant, non-left-behind, and left-behind.
resultsCompared to urban local children, migrant (prevalence ratios: 1.29, 95% confidence intervals: 0.69-2.41), non-left-behind (4.72, 3.02-7.37), and left-behind (4.79, 3.03-7.56) children were more likely to be zero-dose vaccinated. Children aged 1-2 years (odds ratio: 1.60, 95% confidence intervals: 1.14-2.23) and born later (1.55, 1.12-2.14), with caregivers aged >35 years (1.49, 1.03-2.15) and less educated (elementary school or lower: 4.22, 2.39-7.45) were less likely to receive self-paid vaccinations, while caregivers other than parents (0.62, 0.41-0.94) and lower household income (0.67, 0.49-0.90) lowered the likelihood of zero-dose vaccination of self-paid vaccines. For migrant and rural zero-dose children, the majority of caregivers reported they "didn't know where to get a vaccination", with responses ranging from 82.3% to 93.8%.
conclusionsMigrant and rural children should be prioritized in the promotion of self-paid immunization in order to accomplish the WHO Immunization Agenda 2030's goal of "leaving no one behind".
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