Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40006645›Full record

ArticleVaccines2025

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among US-Born and Foreign-Born Adults Aged 18 to 26 Years in the United States.

Itunu Sokale, Jane Montealegre, Ann O Amuta, Abiodun Oluyomi, Aaron P Thrift

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Itunu SokaleDepartment of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4673-2998
Jane MontealegreDepartment of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Ann O AmutaDepartment of Kinesiology Public Health Program, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
Abiodun OluyomiDepartment of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Aaron P ThriftDepartment of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0084-5308

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES030285 · NIEHS · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Cheryl L. Walker · 2019 to 2026
$14.7M
Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas RP210037NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES030285
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to multiple cancers that can be prevented through vaccination. While the optimal age for vaccination is in childhood and adolescence, vaccination recommendations include adults through age 26 who missed childhood/adolescent vaccination. There are limited data about disparities among adults eligible for catch-up HPV vaccination. We conducted a comprehensive examination of HPV vaccination among US young adults, disaggregating the group by race/ethnicity and nativity status to identify subgroups that may require additional interventions.

methodsWe analyzed 2019 and 2022 data of individuals aged 18-26 years from the National Health Interview Survey. Generalized linear models using Poisson regression with log link were used to examine the receipt of 1+ dose of HPV vaccine, race/ethnicity, and nativity (i.e., US- versus foreign-born) status.

resultsThe overall receipt of 1+ doses of HPV vaccine was 47.5%. The vaccination rate among the US-born group was 49.7% versus 31.9% among the foreign-born group with an adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) of 0.72; (95% CI, 0.62-0.82). Foreign-born non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals (APR 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.70) were less likely to be vaccinated against HPV than foreign-born NH White individuals, while US-born NH Asians (APR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09-1.48) had a higher prevalence of the vaccination than the US-born NH White group. Additionally, foreign-born NH Asian (APR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46-0.77), NH Black (APR 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12-0.61), and Hispanic (APR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60-0.97) populations were less likely to be vaccinated than their respective US-born counterparts.

Indexed as

foreign-born populationsHPV vaccinationhuman papillomavirusracial and ethnic minority populationsvaccine inequalitiesyoung adults

Identifiers

PMID40006645
PMCPMC11860834

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.