Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40006536›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutics2025

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of Folic Acid-Modified Chitosan-Stearic Acid Nanomicelles Loaded with Tetrandrine for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Shuai Ma, Fei Xue, Lan Yang, Long Chen, Pei Liu, Jinhua Chang, Ruxing Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shuai MaHebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
Fei XueHebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
Lan YangHebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
Long ChenBasic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
Pei LiuHebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
Jinhua ChangHebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.
Ruxing WangHebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China.

Funding

the Hebei Natural Science Foundation H2023406039the Natural Science Research Project of Chengde Medical College 201705the Science and Technology Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province ZD2021004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, and it is currently incurable. Tetrandrine (TET) has an obvious curative effect with therapeutic efficacy on RA, but its use is limited due to its poor water-solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, TET-loaded nanomicelles modified with chitosan, stearic acid, and folic acid (FCST) was prepared in the study, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were studied.

methodsThe plasma concentrations of FCST and TET were measured by the PLC-MS/MS method at different times, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. A collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was established with rats. On the 16th day after the first immunization, 50 rats were randomized into five groups with 10 rats in each group according to the arthritis score. The drugs were administered by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days. The swelling degree and joint score of the rats were tested during each administration. In addition, the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in the serum of the rats were tested by an ELISA kit, and their joints were examined by histopathology.

resultsPharmacokinetic studies showed that the AUC

conclusionsFCST can significantly improve bioavailability and has a significant therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis.

Indexed as

nanomicellespharmacodynamicspharmacokineticstetrandrine

Identifiers

PMID40006536
PMCPMC11859316

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.