ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Electromagnetic Properties of Natural Plant Leaves for Eco-Friendly and Biodegradable Substrates for Wireless IoT Devices.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Origin of Dielectric Permittivity in Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Today, innovative engineering solutions, including IoT devices, enable the precise monitoring of plant health and the early detection of diseases. However, the lifespan of IoT devices used for the real-time monitoring of environmental or plant parameters in precision agriculture is typically only a few months, from planting to harvest. This short lifespan creates challenges in managing the e-waste generated by smart agriculture. One potential solution to reduce the volume and environmental impact of e-waste is to use more environmentally friendly and biodegradable materials to replace the non-degradable components (substrates) currently used in the structure of IoT devices. In this study, we estimate the electromagnetic properties at 2565 MHz of the leaves from three widely grown crops: winter wheat, corn, and sunflower. We found that winter wheat and sunflower leaves have values of the real part of relative permittivity ranging from about 33 to 69 (wheat) and 13 to 32 (sunflower), respectively, while corn exhibits a value of about 33.5. Our research indicates that the position of a leaf on the plant stem and its distance from the soil significantly affect the relative permittivity of winter wheat and sunflower. These relationships, however, are not evident in the electromagnetic properties of corn leaves.
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