ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Evaluation of Drug Permeation Enhancement by Using In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Permeation and Human Pharmacokinetic Data for a Bioadhesive Vaginal Tablet as a Potential Clinical Approach for Bacterial Vaginosis.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Smart Release of the Antioxidant from Chitosan-Hyaluronan Reservoir in Skin Wound Healing.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- DoE-Optimized Chitosan-Coated pH-Sensitive Liposomes for Targeted Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Temozolomide.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Safety evaluation of a ketamine-dodecyl maltoside combination using angiogenesis and embryonic development models.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nanoparticles in HIV treatment for improved drug delivery, clinical translation, and future direction.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Progress in peptide and protein therapeutics: Challenges and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Skin Penetration of Fluorescent Dissolved Formulations Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Therapeutic and Formulation Advances of Ivermectin in Veterinary and Human Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Permeation Enhancers for Vaginal Delivery of Buserelin Acetate Using a Validated Chromatographic Method and Ex Vivo Porcine Model.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Improving Ex Vivo Nasal Mucosa Experimental Design for Drug Permeability Assessments: Correcting Mucosal Thickness Interference and Reevaluating Fluorescein Sodium as an Integrity Marker for Chemically Induced Mucosal Injury.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- How to assess antioxidant activity? Advances, limitations, and applications of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo approaches.Food production, processing and nutrition · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drugs administered by means of extravascular routes of drug administration must be absorbed into the systemic circulation, which involves the movement of the drug molecules across biological barriers such as epithelial cells that cover mucosal surfaces or the stratum corneum that covers the skin. Some drugs exhibit poor permeation across biological membranes or may experience excessive degradation during first-pass metabolism, which tends to limit their bioavailability. Various strategies have been used to improve drug bioavailability. Absorption enhancement strategies include the co-administration of chemical permeation enhancers, enzymes, and/or efflux transporter inhibitors, chemical changes, and specialized dosage form designs. Models with physiological relevance are needed to evaluate the efficacy of drug absorption enhancement techniques. Various in vitro cell culture models and ex vivo tissue models have been explored to evaluate and quantify the effectiveness of drug permeation enhancement strategies. This review deliberates on the use of in vitro and ex vivo models for the evaluation of drug permeation enhancement strategies for selected extravascular drug administration routes including the nasal, oromucosal, pulmonary, oral, rectal, and transdermal routes of drug administration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.