ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Demystifying the Antidepressant Mechanism of Action of Stinels, a Novel Class of Neuroplastogens: Positive Allosteric Modulators of the NMDA Receptor.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Role of the NMDA Receptor in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Enhancing plasticity to treat depression and other central nervous system diseases using event-driven pharmacology.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Intermittent Ketamine and Neuromodulation Treatment Evoke Synergistic Antidepressant-Relevant Action.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Synaptic Plasticity-Intrinsic Excitability and Antidepressant Discovery.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- New advances in small molecule drugs targeting NMDA receptors.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- New Antidepressant Development in the Treatment of Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Emerging Therapeutic Interventions for Treatment‑Resistant Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Review
- The therapeutic potential of psilocybin beyond psychedelia through shared mechanisms with ketamine.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Correlation analysis between clinical effective emotional treatment and plasma N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function-related indexes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plastogens are a class of therapeutics that function by rapidly promoting changes in neuroplasticity. A notable example, ketamine, is receiving great attention due to its combined rapid and long-term antidepressant effects. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, and, in addition to its therapeutic activity, it is associated with psychotomimetic and dissociative side effects. Stinels-rapastinel, apimostinel, and zelquistinel-are also plastogens not only with rapid and long-term antidepressant effects but also with improved safety and tolerability profiles compared to ketamine. Previous descriptions of the mechanism by which stinels modulate NMDAR activity have been inconsistent and, at times, contradictory. The purpose of this review is to clarify the mechanism of action and contextualize stinels within a broader class of NMDAR-targeting therapeutics. In this review, we present the rationale behind targeting NMDARs for treatment-resistant depression and other psychiatric conditions, describe the various mechanisms by which NMDAR activity is regulated by different classes of therapeutics, and present evidence for the stinel mechanism. In contrast with previous descriptions of glycine-like NMDAR partial agonists, we define stinels as positive allosteric modulators of NMDAR activity with a novel regulatory binding site.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.