ArticleVeterinary sciences2025
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 2 and Enolase 1 in Canine Mammary Tumors: Associations with Tumor Aggressiveness and Prognostic Significance.
Article in Veterinary sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A Comprehensive Analysis of the ITIH Family Across Multiple Cancer Types and an Initial Investigation of ITIH1 in Gastric Cancer.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mammary neoplasms in dogs are a common clinical concern, especially in middle-aged and older intact females. These tumors share similarities with human breast cancer in terms of histology, disease progression, and risk factors, making dogs a relevant model for breast cancer research. The search for biomarkers in canine mammary tumors is essential to understand tumor progression and identify potential therapeutic targets. This study investigated the expression of two potential biomarkers-Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 2 (ITIH2) and Enolase 1 (ENO1)-in the mammary glands of healthy and tumor-bearing dogs using immunohistochemistry. Both proteins were identified in previous proteomic analyses of extracellular vesicles derived from the plasma of healthy and tumor-bearing dogs. A total of fifty-one canine mammary tissue samples were analyzed and categorized into three groups: (i) the control group, composed of five samples of normal mammary tissue without neoplasia; (ii) benign tumors, composed of nineteen samples of benign mixed tumors; and (iii) malignant tumors, which included six carcinomas in grade 1 mixed tumors, five carcinomas in grade 2 mixed tumors, thirteen solid carcinomas of grade 3, one papillary carcinoma, and two tubular carcinomas. Regarding the intensity of staining, quantified by histoscore, there were no significant differences in the comparison between the groups; for ITIH2, the
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