ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Beyond Tuberculosis: The Surprising Immunological Benefits of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine in Infectious, Auto-Immune, and Inflammatory Diseases.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- ESAT-6-derived lipopeptide-based mucosal vaccine elicits distinct humoral immune responses concomitant with a reduction inEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Genetic and immunologic determinants of BCG disease: from mechanism to prevention.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Maternal Influenza Vaccine Reduces the Risk of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Related Respiratory Hospitalizations in Early Infancy: An Epidemiological Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Review
- Antigenic profiling of Leishmania amazonensis microsomal fraction to support vaccine development.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- The impact of Trem2-mediated macrophage polarization on the mechanisms of allergic rhinitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination and the Immune-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Disease.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Malathion-induced neurological alterations associated with dysregulation of RORγt/STAT3/IL-17 and FOXP3/STAT5/IL-10 pathways: potential neuroprotective effects of BCG.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- From Chronic Inflammation to Cancer: The Role of Trained Immunity in IBD-Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immunological mechanistic action of intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Redox Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and its Implications for Immunization-related Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- A co-evolutionary perspective on humans andeLife · 2026Review
- Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in controlling type 1 diabetes: A quasi-experimental randomized clinical trial.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Trained immunity in cancer and autoimmunity: a double-edged sword in immune memory reprogramming.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lesion-specific features of macrophage polarization contribute toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Unleashing the power of the BCG vaccine in modulating viral immunity through heterologous protection: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- In Silico Targeting and Immunological Profiling of PpiA inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, best known for its role in preventing tuberculosis, has recently garnered attention for its broader immunomodulatory effects. By inducing trained immunity, BCG reprograms innate immune cells, enhancing their responses to various pathogens. This process, driven by epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, suggests that BCG may have therapeutic potential far beyond tuberculosis. Emerging evidence points to its potential benefits in conditions such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, and viral infections. Furthermore, by modulating immune activity, BCG has been proposed to reduce chronic inflammation and promote immune tolerance. This review delves into the multifaceted role of BCG, highlighting its potential as a versatile therapeutic tool for managing a wide range of diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.