ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Epidemiology and Genetic Evolutionary Analysis of Influenza Virus Among Children in Hainan Island, China, 2021-2023.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular and antigenic characteristics of the influenza B virus in Guangzhou, 2022-2023.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Molecular Lineage Replacement and Shifted Seasonality of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus on Tropical Hainan Island, China, 2021-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics analysis of childhood influenza A virus infections in Hebei, China (2020-2024).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of influenza A virus infection across age groups: a longitudinal analysis based on gender and clinical diagnosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Laboratory Analysis of a Scrub Typhus and H1N1 Influenza Co-Infection: A Case Report from Hainan, China.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic characterization of the respiratory tract viruses in Jilin, Northeast China, 2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, we continuously monitored the epidemiology of influenza virus among pediatric patients from January 2021 to December 2023 in Hainan Island, China.
methodsIn this study, we collected 54,974 nasopharyngeal swab samples for influenza A Virus (IAV) testing and 53,151 samples for influenza B Virus (IBV) testing from pediatric outpatients. Additionally, we also collected 19,687 nasopharyngeal swab samples from pediatric inpatients for IAV and IBV testing. Outpatient samples were screened for influenza viruses (IVs) infection by the colloidal gold method. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (tNGS) was used to detect influenza virus infections in inpatients. Influenza virus types were identified by analyzing the HA/NA partial regions.
resultsThe findings revealed a significant decrease in the infection rate of IBV over the specified period, while the infection rate of IAV exhibited a rising trend. Additionally, B/Victoria lineage was the dominant epidemic strain in 2021, while the epidemic strains in 2022 and 2023 underwent a dynamic transformation from A/H3N2 to A/H1N1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relationships among the circulating strains. Nonetheless, because the sample size is limited, additional research is required.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that the predominant types of influenza viruses in the pediatric population are undergoing dynamic changes, influenced by the implementation and relaxation of non-pharmaceutical intervention measures. These findings highlight the need for adaptive influenza vaccination and containment strategies, particularly in tropical regions like Hainan, where climate and public health policies significantly impact viral transmission patterns. The insights gained from this study could inform more effective public health strategies in similar regions to mitigate the impact of influenza outbreaks in the future.
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