SynthesisNutrients2025
Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on the Consumption of Different Food Groups and the Risk of Overweight and Obesity.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The oral und systemic health risks of sugar consumption: an umbrella review.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Pooled it
- High dietary inflammatory index is associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity in adults: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Associations of Overall Diet Quality and Individual Dietary Behaviours with Anthropometric Outcomes Among Chilean University Students.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The association between ultra-processed food exposure and cognition in older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific burden of diabetes mellitus from 1990 to 2023.iScience · 2026Article
- Causal Analysis of Multidimensional Dietary Data to Assess Effects on All-Cause Mortality.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Article
- A conceptual framework integrating mechanisms linking nut consumption and energy balance.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Legume and soy consumption and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2026Article
- Effects of Non-Soy Legumes on Body Weight and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Modification role of tea in the association of dietary meat intake and obesity risk.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Maternal monosaccharide diets modulate melanocortin-4 receptor signaling and metabolic state in rat offspring.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Diet, Weight Status, and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Native and Migrant Women in Jersey, Channel Islands.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Dietary context in the association between red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2025Article
- Should Grain-Based Staple Foods Be Included in Admonitions to "Avoid Processed and Ultra-Processed Food"?Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Alarming Rise of Obesity: The 4Global heart · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesDietary choices play an essential role in energy balance and weight gain. This systematic umbrella review investigates the association between the intake of various food groups (whole grains, refined grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, eggs, total dairy, red meat, white meat, processed meat, added sugar, and sugar-sweetened beverages) and their associations to the risk of obesity and being overweight.
methodsWe systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A total of 2925 articles were screened, and 13 articles were included in our analysis.
resultsFor each food group, data included a mean of 166,100 participants and 36,760 cases, ranging from 19,885 participants and 7183 cases for red meat to 520,331 participants and 91,256 cases for nuts. Heterogeneity was high for most of the food groups except for whole grains and sugar-sweetened beverages. The quality of the most comprehensive meta-analyses was high for all food groups, except for processed meats, which was of low quality. High intakes of whole grains, legumes, nuts, and fruits are associated with a reduced risk of overweight and obesity. In contrast, high intakes of red meat and sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity. No significant results were found for the remaining food groups, and no meta-analysis was found for fish, eggs, white meat, and added sugars.
conclusionsDiets rich in whole grains, legumes, nuts, and fruits are associated with a lower risk of developing obesity and being overweight. In contrast, diets high in red meat and sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.