Trial reportNutrients2025
Cholesin mRNA Expression in Human Intestinal, Liver, and Adipose Tissues.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Involvement of Steatosis-induced Glucagon Resistance in Hyperglucagonaemia
Enteroendocrine Cells in Healthy Individuals and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Searching for Altered Gene Expression in the Endocrine Secretome Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
The Role of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide in the Pathological Glucose Homeostasis of Type 1 Diabetes
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of AMPK signaling pathway in the regulation of lipid metabolism.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Regulatory Effects of Endometriosis-Associated Genetic Variants: A Multi-Tissue eQTL Analysis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCholesin is a recently discovered gut-derived hormone secreted by enterocytes upon dietary cholesterol uptake via the transmembrane sterol transporter Niemann-Pick disease C1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1L1). In the liver, cholesin activates G protein-coupled receptor 146 (GPR146), causing reduced cholesterol synthesis. In this exploratory, hypothesis-generating study based on post hoc analysis, human data on the cholesin system are presented.
methodsMucosal biopsies were collected throughout the intestinal tract from 12 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 12 healthy, matched controls. Upper small intestinal mucosal biopsies were collected from 20 individuals before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Liver biopsies were collected from 12 men with obesity and 15 matched controls without obesity. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were collected from 20 men with type 1 diabetes (T1D). All biopsies underwent full mRNA sequencing.
resultsCholesin mRNA expression was observed throughout the intestinal tracts of the individuals with T2D and the controls, in the livers of men with and without obesity, and in adipose tissue of men with T1D. NPC1L1 mRNA expression was robust throughout the small intestines but negligible in the large intestines of both individuals with and without T2D. RYGB surgery induced the expression of NPC1L1 mRNA in the upper small intestine. GPR146 mRNA was expressed in the livers of men, both with and without obesity, and in the adipose tissue of men with T1D, but not in the intestines.
conclusionsOur results suggest a role of the cholesin system in human physiology, but whether it is perturbed in metabolic diseases remains unknown. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: NCT03044860, NCT03093298, NCT02337660, NCT03734718.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.