ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
Advancements in Melanoma Treatment: A Review of PD-1 Inhibitors, T-VEC, mRNA Vaccines, and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy in an Evolving Landscape of Immunotherapy.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance and Recent Advances in Glioblastoma Treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive Pathways in Cutaneous Melanoma: Functional Integration Between PD-1 and CD73 and Therapeutic Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Insight of immune checkpoint blockades in melanoma: mechanism and clinical translation.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Combination Immunotherapy as a Promising Strategy to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance: From Emergence to Next-Generation Approaches.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- mRNA-based melanoma vaccines targeting gp100 and TRP2 macromolecules.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- The mechanism of PKM2/HIF-1α axis polarizing TAMs by upregulating glucose-serine metabolism to promote melanoma progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity: from immune mechanisms to clinical surveillance and targeted therapies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of PD-L1 in Lung Cancer: From Biology to Clinical Application.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- The science of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL): perspectives from the SITC Surgery Committee.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Advances in Cell-Mediated Drug Delivery for Dermatologic Diseases: Mechanisms and Current Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Overcoming resistance mechanisms in cancer immunotherapy-novel approaches and combinations.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Next-Generation mRNA Vaccines in Melanoma: Advances in Delivery and Combination Strategies.Cells · 2025Review
- Next-generation oncology: integrative therapeutic frontiers at the crossroads of precision genomics, immuno-engineering, and tumor microenvironment modulation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Understanding the HIV-specific T-cell response to immune checkpoint blockade: what can we learn from cancer immunotherapy?Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Opportunities in Melanoma Through PRAME Expression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- A Consolidated Review of Contemporary Targeted and Immunotherapeutic Options for Melanoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer, presents significant therapeutic challenges. Consequently, innovative treatment strategies beyond conventional chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are actively explored. This review discusses the evolution of immunotherapy in advanced melanoma, highlighting PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, mRNA vaccines, Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab block immune checkpoints, promoting T-cell cytotoxic activity and improving overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma. T-VEC, a modified oncolytic herpes virus, promotes a systemic anti-tumor response while simultaneously lysing malignant cells. mRNA vaccines, such as Moderna's mRNA-4157/V940, take advantage of malignant-cell-specific neoantigens to amplify the adaptive immune response while protecting healthy tissue. TIL therapy is a form of therapy involving ex vivo expansion and reinfusion of the patient's tumor-specific lymphocytes and has been shown to provide durable tumor control. While these therapies have demonstrated promising clinical outcomes, challenges such as tumor resistance, high financial burden, and limited accessibility pose challenges to their widespread use. This review explores combination therapies such as PD-L1 inhibitors with mRNA vaccines, or TIL therapy, which aim to enhance treatment through synergistic approaches. Further research is required to optimize these combinations, address barriers preventing their use, and control adverse events.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.