ArticleGenes2025
Evaluation of Pan-Cancer Immune Heterogeneity Based on DNA Methylation.
Article in Genes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Expression quantitative trait methylation across multiple cancer types with functional and therapeutic characterization using Onco-eQTM.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- The Genetic Landscape of Colorectal Cancer: From Molecular Alterations to Therapeutic Decision Pathways.Cancers · 2026Review
- Molecular immune signature identifies microglia and NK cell infiltration as a favorable prognostic marker in adult-type high-grade glioma.ESMO open · 2026Article
- MOGEDN: small-sample cancer subtype classification with encoder-decoder networks for missing-omics recovery and biomarker discovery.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment is a key determinant of tumor oncogenesis. This study aims to evaluate the composition of seven immune cells across 5323 samples from 14 cancers using DNA methylation data.
methodsA deconvolution algorithm was proposed to estimate the composition of seven immune cells using 1256 immune cell population-specific methylation genes. Based on the immune infiltration features of seven immune cell fractions, 42 subtypes of 14 tumors (2-5 subtypes per tumor) were identified.
resultsSignificant differences in immune cells between subtypes were revealed for each cancer. The study found that the methylation values of the selected specific sites correlated with gene expression in most tumor subtypes. Immune infiltration results were integrated with phenotypic data, including survival data and tumor stages, revealing significant correlations between immune infiltration and phenotypes in some tumors. Subtypes with high proportions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD56+ NK cells, CD19+ B cells, CD14+ monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils were identified, with subtype counts of 9, 24, 22, 13, 19, 9, and 11, respectively. Additionally, 2412 differentially expressed genes between these subtypes and normal tissues were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in pathways related to drug response and chemical carcinogens. Differences in ESTIMATE scores for subtypes of seven tumors and TIDE scores for eight tumors were also observed.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates the intra-tumor and inter-tumor immune heterogeneity of pan-cancer through DNA methylation analysis, providing assistance for tumor diagnosis.
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