Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40004244›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Exploring Heterogeneity of Fecal Microbiome in Long COVID Patients at 3 to 6 Months After Infection.

Jelle M Blankestijn, Nadia Baalbaki, Rosanne J H C G Beijers, Merel E B Cornelissen, W Joost Wiersinga, Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz, Anke H Maitland-van der Zee, P4O2 Consortium

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Microbiome and Long COVID-19: Current Evidence and Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jelle M BlankestijnDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0006-2047-0888
Nadia BaalbakiDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Rosanne J H C G BeijersDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-8192-0543
Merel E B CornelissenDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0004-5707-4673
W Joost WiersingaCenter for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Mahmoud I Abdel-AzizDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9263-7137
Anke H Maitland-van der ZeeDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0414-3442
P4O2 Consortium

Funding

Health Holland LSHM20104; LSHM20068
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An estimated 10% of COVID-19 survivors have been reported to suffer from complaints after at least three months. The intestinal microbiome has been shown to impact long COVID through the gut-lung axis and impact the severity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and clinical characteristics, exploring microbiome heterogeneity through clustering. Seventy-nine patients with long COVID evaluated at 3 to 6 months after infection were sampled for fecal metagenome analysis. Patients were divided into two distinct hierarchical clusters, based solely on the microbiome composition. Compared to cluster 1 (n = 67), patients in cluster 2 (n = 12) showed a significantly reduced lung function (FEV

Indexed as

COVID-19FecesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2butyratebutyrate-producing bacteriaheterogeneitylong COVIDlung functionmicrobiome

Identifiers

PMID40004244
PMCPMC11855614

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.