Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40003906›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Advances in Antibody-Based Immune-Stimulating Drugs: Driving Innovation in Cancer Therapy.

Ren-Jie Zhao, Xing-Xing Fan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ren-Jie ZhaoDr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0009-0007-2811-4754
Xing-Xing FanDr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China.

Funding

Macau Science and Technology Development Fund Project No. 0038/2023/RIB2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibody-based immune-stimulating drugs (ABIs) represent a transformative frontier in cancer immunotherapy, designed to reshape the tumor microenvironment and overcome immune suppression. This study highlighted recent advances in ABIs, including immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), and checkpoint blockade enhancers, with a focus on their mechanisms of action, clinical advancements, and challenges. Preclinical findings revealed that ISACs effectively boost overall anti-cancer immunity by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages, enhancing T cell activation, and engaging other immune pathways. Similarly, BsAbs effectively redirect immune cells to tumors, achieving significant tumor regression. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the development of ABIs by optimizing drug design, identifying novel targets, and accelerating preclinical validation, enabling personalized therapeutic strategies. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain, including immune resistance and off-target effects. Future research should prioritize next-generation multifunctional antibodies, AI-driven innovations, and combination therapies to enhance efficacy and expand therapeutic applications. Connecting these gaps could unlock the full potential of ABIs, upgrading cancer treatment and improving outcomes for patients with refractory or resistant tumors.

Indexed as

Antibodies, BispecificImmunoconjugatesImmunotherapyNeoplasmsAnimalsArtificial IntelligenceHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsTumor MicroenvironmentAntibodies, BispecificImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunoconjugatesantibody-based immune-stimulating drugsartificial intelligencebispecific antibodiesimmune-stimulating antibody conjugates

Identifiers

PMID40003906
PMCPMC11855211

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.