ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Association of Chronic Pain with Motor Symptom Severity in Parkinson's Disease: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms like bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. Additionally, PD severely impacts physical abilities and independence. Chronic pain, affecting 67.6% of PD patients, varies in form and presentation, and it is often underdiagnosed.
objectivesThis study investigated the association between chronic pain and motor symptom severity in PD patients.
methodsThis analysis used data from a cross-sectional study on 52 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients conducted at Jena University Hospital, Germany. The dataset, available on Dryad, included demographics; clinical reports; and assessments of coping strategies, quality of life, and pain. Descriptive statistics, a bivariate analysis, and an ordinal logistic regression model were executed to explore the association between pain and motor symptom severity (MSS). A direct acyclic graph was used to represent the relationship between variables and identify potential confounders, and an outcomes definition sensitivity analysis was used to assess the impact of using pain intensity as an outcome. The E-value was calculated to evaluate the strength of association needed by an unmeasured confounder to nullify the observed association.
resultsA total of 50 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were included, with 64% being male, with an average age of 76.1 years. The sample included 20 patients without pain and 30 with chronic pain. The bivariate analysis did not identify significant differences in disease duration, cognitive function, and non-motor symptoms between pain and no-pain groups. However, significant differences (
conclusionsChronic pain is strongly associated with MSS in PD patients, with a more pronounced effect as MSS progresses from medium to severe, supporting a dose-response relationship. Effect sizes suggest a robust association, emphasizing the need for pain assessment in managing motor symptoms in PD.
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