Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40003648›Full record

ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025

The Perception of the Diaphragm with Ultrasound: Always There Yet Overlooked?

Kathleen Möller, Max Saborio, Heike Gottschall, Michael Blaivas, Adrian C Borges, Susanne Morf, Burkhard Möller, Christoph F Dietrich

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kathleen MöllerMedical Department I/Gastroenterology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0009-0002-9492-0141
Max SaborioDepartment General Internal Medicine (DAIM), Hospitals Hirslanden Bern Beau Site, Salem and Permanence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
Heike GottschallMedical Department I/Gastroenterology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany.
Michael BlaivasDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
Adrian C BorgesMedical Department II/Cardiology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany.
Susanne MorfCenter da Sandà Val Müstair, 7536 Sta. Maria, Switzerland.
Burkhard MöllerDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8769-6167
Christoph F DietrichDepartment General Internal Medicine (DAIM), Hospitals Hirslanden Bern Beau Site, Salem and Permanence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6015-6347

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diaphragm ultrasound makes it possible to diagnose diaphragmatic atrophy and dysfunction. Important indications include unclear dyspnea; diaphragmatic elevation; assessment of diaphragm dysfunction in pulmonary, neuromuscular and neurovascular diseases; and in critically ill patients before noninvasive and mechanical ventilation and follow-up of diaphragm thickness and function during mechanical ventilation with potential prediction of prolonged weaning. In patients with respiratory insufficiency and potential diaphragm dysfunction, it is possible to objectify the contribution of diaphragm dysfunction. In addition, assessment of diaphragmatic hernias, tumors and diaphragmatic dysfunction in COVID-19 and diaphragmatic ultrasound in sports medicine have been described. This narrative review includes the sonomorphology of the diaphragm, standardization of ultrasonographic investigation with transducer positions and ultrasound techniques, normal findings and diagnostic criteria for pathological findings. The correct sonographic measurement, calculation and evaluation can ultimately influence further therapeutic procedures for the patient suffering from diaphragm dysfunction in various diseases.

Indexed as

amplitudediaphragm dysfunctiondiaphragm thickening fractiondiaphragm thicknessultrasonographic diagnosis

Identifiers

PMID40003648
PMCPMC11857681

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.