Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40003504›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2025

Living with Long COVID in a Southern State: A Comparison of Black and White Residents of North Carolina.

William Pilkington, Brooke E Bauer, Irene A Doherty

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

William PilkingtonJulius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
Brooke E BauerJulius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
Irene A DohertyJulius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9752-8930

Funding

Understanding Perceptions of HIV Risk, PrEP, and PrEP use among African American Women Attending an HBCUU54MD012392 · NIMHD · NORTH CAROLINA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY · PI MICHELER Ricardo RICHARDSON · 2017 to 2026
$38.1M
NCCU RCMI Practice Based Equity Research Network (PBERN)UG3MD018398 · NIMHD · NORTH CAROLINA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY · PI EAST, JOAN, KUMAR, DEEPAK · 2022 to 2023
$2.1M
National Institutes of Minority Health Disparities U54MD012392NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD012392NIMHD NIH HHS UG3 MD018398
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long COVID can devastate patients' overall quality of life, extending to economic, psychosocial, and mental health and day-to-day activities. Clinical research suggests that long COVID is more severe among Black and African American populations in the United States. This study examines the lived and lasting effects of long COVID among a diverse sample of North Carolina residents over one year by using three self-administered questionnaires completed online using Qualtrics. A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the baseline results is presented. Our study recruited 258 adults, of which 51.5% had long COVID (but may have recovered), 32.3% had a COVID-19 infection at least once, and 16.3% had never had COVID-19. The socioeconomic status of Black participants was lower than that of White participants; however, the economic impact of long COVID was not worse. Across both groups, 64.4% were employed, 28.8% had to change tasks or work less, and 19.8% stopped working. Fewer White (32.6%) than Black (54.8%) participants always/often felt supported by family and friends about having long COVID. The majority of White participants (59.1%) reported that they did not recover from long COVID compared to 29.7% of Black participants. The long COVID/COVID-19 experience affected White and Black participants differently, but both populations continue feel the impacts.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanCOVID-19AdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorth CarolinaQuality of LifeSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesWhiteYoung Adultdisparitieslived experiencelong COVIDminority populationssocial determinants

Identifiers

PMID40003504
PMCPMC11855031

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.