Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2025
Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS) Intervention Reduces Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure Directly and Indirectly by Improving Maternal Smokers' Urge Management Skills and Exposure Protection Behaviors.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Meta-Analysis of Urinary Cotinine Cut-Off Concentrations in Children Under Five Years for Assessing Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure.Tobacco use insights · 2026Review
- Association between children's secondhand co-exposure to tobacco and cannabis smoke and elevated urinary cotinine levels: a cross-sectional analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Children's tobacco smoke exposure (CTSE) is a public health concern, particularly in low-income and minority communities. Interventions to reduce CTSE have had modest success, and so research must identify mechanisms to improve intervention efficacy. This study investigated mediators of CTSE reduction in an intervention designed to facilitate CTSE protection and maternal smoking abstinence. We analyzed data from the Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS) trial, which evaluated the efficacy of a multilevel behavioral smoking intervention initiated in community clinics serving low-income mothers. We estimated direct and indirect effects to evaluate the role of two mediators of the intervention on CTSE at post-intervention follow-up: mothers' skills in managing smoking urges and their protective behaviors to shield children from TSE. CTSE was measured using mothers' reports and child cotinine (a CTSE biomarker). The BLiSS intervention was linked to statistically significant lower longitudinal reported CTSE directly and indirectly by increasing mothers' urge management skills and CTSE protection behaviors (
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