Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40003240›Full record

ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2025

The Differential Impact of Clear Aligners and Fixed Orthodontic Appliances on Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review.

Gianna Dipalma, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Arianna Fiore, Liviana Balestriere, Paola Nardelli, Lucia Casamassima, Daniela Di Venere, Andrea Palermo, Francesco Inchingolo, Angelo Michele Inchingolo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Observational
  4. Review
  5. [Research advances in clear aligner].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. The Role of Cytokines in Orthodontic Tooth Movement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Gianna DipalmaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5947-8987
Alessio Danilo InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6366-1039
Arianna FioreDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.
Liviana BalestriereDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.
Paola NardelliDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.
Lucia CasamassimaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0009-0009-6923-2102
Daniela Di VenereDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6916-0075
Andrea PalermoDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3288-490X
Francesco InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3797-5883
Angelo Michele InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectiveIn orthodontic therapy, the periodontal ligament plays a critical role in the bone remodeling process by stimulating osteoblasts in tension zones and promoting bone resorption through osteoclasts in compression zones in response to mechanical stress. These processes are regulated by key cytokines, such as RANKL and IL-1, which are influenced by factors such as patient age and force application. This work evaluates the effectiveness of clear aligners versus traditional braces on periodontal health in patients with periodontitis, following PRISMA guidelines and utilizing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.

methodsA systematic review of 1664 records was conducted, leading to the inclusion of eight studies that focus on the impact of orthodontic treatments on periodontal health. The review identifies various biases present in the literature.

resultsThe findings reveal that clear aligners, in contrast to fixed appliances, improve oral hygiene and reduce inflammation, leading to better periodontal outcomes. Fixed appliances, on the other hand, may exacerbate plaque accumulation and inflammation, which can worsen periodontal health.

conclusionsClear aligners offer advantages over fixed appliances in terms of enhancing periodontal health, improving patient compliance, and providing long-term benefits, particularly in patients with severe periodontitis. The effectiveness of clear aligners is linked to better management of periodontal complications and overall oral hygiene. Treatment decisions should be based on patient-specific criteria to optimize outcomes.

Indexed as

orthodontic treatmentperiodontal healthperiodontitis

Identifiers

PMID40003240
PMCPMC11854263

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.