Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40003158›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Fiducial Inference in Linear Mixed-Effects Models.

Jie Yang, Xinmin Li, Hongwei Gao, Chenchen Zou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jie YangSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Xinmin LiSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2573-5236
Hongwei GaoSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Chenchen ZouSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4438-2333

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 11871294National Natural Science Foundation of China 11901328
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We develop a novel framework for fiducial inference in linear mixed-effects (LME) models, with the standard deviation of random effects reformulated as coefficients. The exact fiducial density is derived as the equilibrium measure of a reversible Markov chain over the parameter space. The density is equivalent in form to a Bayesian LME with noninformative prior, while the underlying fiducial structure adds new benefits to unify the inference of random effects and all other parameters in a neat and simultaneous way. Our fiducial LME needs no additional tests or statistics for zero variance and is more suitable for small sample sizes. In simulation and empirical analysis, our confidence intervals (CIs) are comparable to those based on Bayesian and likelihood profiling methods. And our inference for the variance of random effects has competitive power with the likelihood ratio test.

Indexed as

confidence intervalfiducial inferenceLMEMCMCzero-variance inference

Identifiers

PMID40003158
PMCPMC11854194

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.