ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2025
Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomechanical implications of lumbar intervertebral disc fenestration in rabbits: Comparison of ex vivo and in vivo conditions as an experimental model for chrondrodystrophic dogs with type 1 intervertebral disc disease.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2025Article
- Are Reusable Dry Electrodes an Alternative to Gelled Electrodes for Canine Surface Electromyography?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Prophylactic Fenestration in Chondrodystrophic Dogs With Follow-Up Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is a common neurological condition in veterinary medicine, with chondrodystrophic breeds being particularly susceptible. Studies have compared breed-related risks and clinical characteristics, but here, we investigate the disease in three common chondrodystrophic breeds, the English cocker spaniel, French bulldog and dachshund, and aim to describe and compare the clinical features and anatomical distribution between them. We performed a multicentre retrospective observational study that included 465 dachshunds, 327 French bulldogs and 145 English cocker spaniels with an imaging confirmed diagnosis of IVDE. The mean age at presentation differed in all three breeds, with the French bulldog presenting youngest and English cocker spaniels presenting oldest. IVDE was most common in the thoracolumbar region in all three breeds, although French bulldogs showed the highest proportion of cervical IVDE, dachshunds the highest proportion of thoracolumbar IVDE, and English cocker spaniels the highest proportion of lumbosacral IVDE. The results of this study suggest a differing clinical presentation for IVDE between these three breeds with regard to both the age of onset and the anatomical region most likely to be affected.
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