ArticleBiomedicines2025
Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Antitumor Potential of Selected Bulgarian Propolis Samples.
Article in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chitosan-Based Colloidal Delivery Systems as Natural Carriers for Propolis: Physicochemical Characterization and Application in Walnut Sausages.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Recent Progress on Polyphenols of Malaysian Honey and Their Molecular Mechanism Pathways in Cancer-A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pinocembrin as a novel anti-cancer agent: Exploring preclinical evidence along with therapeutic potential.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Microencapsulation of Propolis by Complex Coacervation with Chia Mucilage and Gelatin: Antioxidant Stability and Functional Potential.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Oxo-Hydrazyl as a Substitute for the Stable Free Radicals Employed in Measuring Total Antioxidant Activity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesPropolis (bee glue) is a valuable bee product widely used as a natural remedy, a cosmetic ingredient, a nutritional value enhancer and a food biopreservative. The present research aims to investigate the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and in vitro anti-inflammatory and antitumor potential of six propolis samples from three regions of Bulgaria (Vidin, Gabrovo and Lovech).
methodsthe analysis of propolis phenolic compounds was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); the antioxidant activity of ethanolic propolis extracts was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay; the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the inhibition of albumin denaturation method; the in vitro antitumor activity was determined in human metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 using 3-(4,5-Dimethyl -2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
resultsThe ethanolic propolis extracts exhibited the total phenolic content from 190.4 to 317.0 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content from 53.4 to 79.3 mg QE/g and total caffeic acid derivatives content from 5.9 to 12.1 mg CAE/g. The studied propolis extracts showed significant antioxidant capacity (between 1000.3 and 1606.0 mM TE/g determined by the DPPH assay, and between 634.1 and 1134.5 mM TE/g determined by the FRAP assay). The chemical composition analysis indicated high concentrations of caffeic acid benzyl ester, chrysin, pinocembrin and pinobanksin-3-O-propionate, predominantly in three of the propolis samples originating from Gabrovo and Lovech regions. All propolis samples demonstrated promising in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, expressed as the inhibition of thermally induced albumin denaturation by 73.59% to 78.44%, which was higher than that of the conventional anti-inflammatory drugs Aspirin (58.44%) and Prednisolone Cortico (57.34%). The propolis samples exhibited high in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer cells MDA-MB-231 with IC
conclusionsOverall, we can suggest that the high phenolic content of Bulgarian propolis from respective areas contributes to its enhanced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. Taken together, our results support the beneficial properties of Bulgarian propolis, with potential application as a promising therapeutic agent.
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