ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Paradoxical Reaction to Antituberculosis Therapy Mimicking Tumor Progression in Lung Cancer Patient.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Tuberculosis meningoencephalitis mimicking lung cancer with metastasis: a case report.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
We describe the case of a 67-year-old man with lung cancer, who developed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) following chemotherapy and subsequently exhibited a paradoxical reaction on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) after initiating antituberculosis therapy. While pulmonary consolidations improved with antituberculosis treatment, newly detected hypermetabolic mediastinal lymph nodes appeared on PET/CT. Based on the clinical course, we provisionally concluded that the mediastinal lymphadenopathy represented a paradoxical reaction. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) confirmed the diagnosis of TB. Clinicians added steroids and continued the antituberculosis medication, and follow-up PET/CT showed complete resolution of these lesions. This case highlights the importance of recognizing paradoxical reactions to antituberculosis therapy, when restaging PET/CT reveals divergent findings, with some tumor foci responding and other lesions appearing to be progressing.
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