ArticleCancers2025
Determinants of Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations in Women with Breast Cancer.
Article in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and mammographic density.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Targeting gut-liver-kidney axis: microbiota-derived metabolites and therapeutic implications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations benefit primary prevention and survivor outcomes. This study evaluated the adherence to these recommendations during the year prior to breast cancer diagnosis and identified related clinical and sociodemographic factors.
methodsA total of 915 patients with breast cancer were recruited from eight hospitals in four regions of Spain. The participants completed an epidemiologic questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire. The compliance with the WCRF/AICR recommendations was assessed using a standardized score based on seven recommendations. Standardized prevalences and standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs) for moderate and high adherence were calculated based on participant characteristics using binary and multinomial logistic regression models.
resultsThe mean adherence was 3.5 points out of 7. The recommendations with the best and worst adherence were avoiding sugar-sweetened drinks (54.4% adherence) and maintaining a fiber-rich diet (4.4% consumed ≥30 g/day). The overall adherence was better in women aged ≥60 years (SPR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.09-2.22), and worse in those with a caloric intake ≥2000 kcal/day (SPR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.37-0.62) or ≥2 comorbidities (SPR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.49-0.89). The adherence to maintaining a healthy weight was worse in those with ≥2 comorbidities and stage III-IV tumors. The physical activity adherence was worse in working women and those with ≥2 comorbidities. The alcohol restriction adherence was worse in smokers. Younger women, smokers and those with a low calorie intake were less adherent to the fruit/vegetable recommendation. The consumption of fiber and limited consumption of red/processed meat adherence was poor in all the subgroups. The adherence to a limited consumption of fast food and sugary drinks was worse in younger women and high-calorie-diet consumers.
conclusionsThe differences in the adherence to recommendations according to patient characteristics justify the design of personalized interventions for breast cancer patients.
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