ArticleBiology2025
Characterization of Exosome-like Nanoparticles from Saffron Tepals and Their Immunostimulatory Activity.
Article in Biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antioxidant Effect of Saffron Petal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Cell Migration.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Activating the cellular scavenger: A bioactive hydrogel promotes diabetic wounds via plant exosome-like nanovesicles enhanced macrophage efferocytosis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Progress, Challenges, and Standardization Pathways in the Isolation and Purification Techniques of Plant-Derived Vesicles.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exosomes-mediated intercellular communication and their theragnostic potential against cancer and related disorders: a comprehensive review.Biotechnology letters · 2026Review
- Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants and Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling via Physalis Peruviana-Derived Exosomes: A Targeted Effect on IKK/NFκB/STAT1.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles for drug delivery: current and future.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles for immunomodulation: Mechanisms and applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Gift of nature: non-human-derived exosomes showing application prospects in periodontitis treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of the Composition of Exosome-like Nanoparticles from Dried and FreshMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plant exosomes exhibit high stability and easy absorption, and have emerged as promising bioactive tools due to their potential health benefits and biomedical applications. Saffron tepals contain abundant metabolites with potential therapeutic properties and were used for exosome extraction by ultracentrifugation and gradient purification. The exosomes showed an average particle size of 151.5 ± 79.6 nm and exhibited a spherical morphology. Five well-conserved miRNAs-miR157, miR166, miR168, miR396, and miR398-were identified in the exosomes, which are involved in the coordination of growth and physiological plant responses with endogenous and environmental abiotic and biotic signals, and their potential targets in mammals are upregulated in specific cancer types and associated with inflammation. Proteome analysis revealed an enrichment of proteasome proteins, ribosomal proteins, and proteins involved in the cytoskeleton, transport across the membrane (ABC transporters), and vesicle trafficking (RAB GTPases, TM9SF and Coatomer subunits). Metabolite analyses showed mainly anthocyanins. The exosomes have selective stimulatory activity on macrophages, increasing the expression of surface molecules (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.