Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40001858›Full record

ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2025

School Safety Concerns and Solutions: A Qualitative Analysis of U.S. School Psychologists' Perspectives.

Luz E Robinson, Kate R Watson, Natalie Fensterstock, Sawyer Hogenkamp, Yinuo Xu, Hannah Garner, Vanessa R Warri, Casie H Morgan, Anthony A Garcia, Chaoyue Wu and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Luz E RobinsonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5269-8522
Kate R WatsonDepartment of Social Welfare, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3679-3511
Natalie FensterstockDepartment of Social Welfare, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Sawyer HogenkampDepartment of Social Welfare, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Yinuo XuSchool of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7463-8889
Hannah GarnerSchool of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Vanessa R WarriDepartment of Social Welfare, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Casie H MorganDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1515-6548
Anthony A GarciaGraduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-0318-5373
Chaoyue WuDepartment of Social Welfare, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Danielle DunnDepartment of Social Welfare, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7447-5365
Dorothy L EspelageSchool of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0658-2067
Ron A AstorDepartment of Social Welfare, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0625-7061
Susan D McMahonDepartment of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3710-8811
Linda A ReddyGraduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Eric M AndermanDepartment of Educational Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3473-0971
Frank C WorrellBerkeley School of Education, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7122-527X
Andrew MartinezNew York Center for Justice Innovation, New York, NY 10018, USA.

Funding

Traumatic Stress Across the Lifespan: A Biopsychosocial Training ProgramT32MH018869 · NIMH · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI CARLA KMETT DANIELSON, DEAN Gaines KILPATRICK · 1988 to 2026
$7.2M
NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018869
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the present study, we analyzed qualitative survey data from 538 school psychologists across schools in the United States regarding their perceptions of school safety issues and potential strategies to address school safety. There are only a few studies exploring the experiences and perspectives of school psychologists that have been based on large-scale qualitative data. Using inductive coding, three themes for safety concerns emerged: (a) aggressive behaviors from students, (b) mental and behavioral needs, and (c) limited staffing. Three themes also emerged for potential solutions: (a) professional development/training, (b) school-family-community relationships, and (c) threat assessments. These findings from school psychologists have implications for addressing structural issues to prevent school violence in research and practice. Policy recommendations to inform resource allocation and improve school safety are discussed.

Indexed as

qualitativeschool psychologistsschool safetyschool violence

Identifiers

PMID40001858
PMCPMC11852065

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.