Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40001784›Full record

ReviewBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2025

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Nature Exposure Dose on Adults with Mental Illness.

Joanna Ellen Bettmann, Elizabeth Speelman, Annelise Jolley, Tallie Casucci

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Forest Bathing (Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Joanna Ellen BettmannUniversity of Utah College of Social Work, 395 South 1500 East, Room 101, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1849-2029
Elizabeth SpeelmanDepartment of Outdoor Education, Georgia College & State University, Campus Box 125, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-3361-7741
Annelise JolleyUniversity of Utah College of Social Work, 395 South 1500 East, Room 101, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-2292-3409
Tallie CasucciUniversity of Utah J. Willard Marriott Library, 295 S 1500 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6311-9613

Funding

Nature and Human Health - Utah pilot
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Time spent in nature leads to significant physical and mental benefits, but research is mixed on how much time in nature is necessary to affect change in adults' mental health. This meta-analysis aimed to answer the question: what effect does length and interval of nature dosage have on adults with mental illness? The authors defined nature exposure as an experience in nature lasting at least 10 minutes and taking place in an actual natural setting. Because some studies indicated single experiences of exposure to nature (

Indexed as

mental healthmental illnessnature exposurenature immersion

Identifiers

PMID40001784
PMCPMC11851813

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.